Peptide Library

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

BPC-157

Also known as: Body Protection Compound 157, PL 14736, PLD-116

A research reference for BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide with a large rodent literature on tissue repair and gut protection and almost no human evidence.

Last reviewed July 15, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

KPV

Also known as: Lys-Pro-Val, alpha-MSH 11-13, KPV tripeptide

A research reference for KPV, the three-amino-acid tail of alpha-MSH, with a coherent rodent colitis literature, a well-characterized transporter mechanism, and no human trial.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

TB-500

Also known as: Thymosin Beta-4 fragment, TB4, N-acetylated LKKTETQ

A research reference for TB-500, a synthetic seven-amino-acid fragment of thymosin β4 that is routinely confused with the full protein whose clinical trials it did not participate in.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

ARA-290

Also known as: Cibinetide, pHBSP, Pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide

A research reference for ARA-290 (cibinetide), an eleven-amino-acid non-erythropoietic peptide copied from erythropoietin, whose four registered human trials sit almost entirely inside one research network.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Glutathione

Also known as: GSH, Reduced glutathione, L-glutathione

A research reference for glutathione, an endogenous tripeptide sold over the counter and infused in cosmetic settings, whose oral and intravenous evidence do not transfer to each other.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

LL-37

Also known as: Cathelicidin LL-37, Ropocamptide

A research reference for LL-37, the antimicrobial peptide the human body already makes, separating a very large literature about the molecule as the body produces it from the five small human studies that actually administered it.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Thymosin Alpha-1

Also known as: Thymalfasin, Tα1, Thymosin α1

A research reference for Thymosin Alpha-1 (thymalfasin), the best-studied peptide in this library and the one whose largest randomized trials missed their primary endpoints.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

AOD-9604

Also known as: AOD9604, LAT-8881, hGH fragment 177-191

A research reference for AOD-9604, a growth hormone fragment whose rodent fat-loss literature is real, whose human obesity trials were run and never published, and whose widely repeated FDA GRAS status was self-affirmed by a panel the sponsor paid.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Cagrilintide

Also known as: AM833

A research reference for cagrilintide, an investigational long-acting amylin analogue whose famous weight-loss figures were produced by a combination with semaglutide rather than by cagrilintide alone.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

L-Carnitine

Also known as: Levocarnitine, Carnitor

A research reference for L-carnitine, an FDA-approved prescription drug for carnitine deficiency that is also sold over the counter, with a small randomized weight effect and a contested gut-metabolite safety signal.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Retatrutide

Also known as: LY3437943, Triple hormone receptor agonist

A research reference for retatrutide, an investigational GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple receptor agonist with striking phase 2 weight data, no approval anywhere, and an unfinished registrational programme.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

Semaglutide

Also known as: GLP-1 receptor agonist, Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus

A research reference for semaglutide, an FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist with one of the largest randomized trial programmes in metabolic medicine, and real limits that the headlines skip.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Tesofensine

Also known as: NS 2330, NS-2330

A research reference for tesofensine, a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor that failed as a neurology drug, produced large weight loss in a phase 2 trial that now carries an unresolved Expression of Concern, and has never been approved anywhere.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Tirzepatide

Also known as: Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, Mounjaro, Zepbound

A research reference for tirzepatide, an FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist with the largest weight reductions yet reported in randomized obesity trials, and a shorter safety record than the numbers suggest.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

CJC-1295

Also known as: CJC-1295 without DAC, Modified GRF(1-29)

A research reference for CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog with two small human pharmacology studies showing raised GH and IGF-1 and no trial of any clinical outcome.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

CJC-1295 with DAC

Also known as: DAC:GRF, hGRF(1-29) albumin bioconjugate

A research reference for CJC-1295 with DAC, the albumin-binding GHRH bioconjugate whose published human studies measured hormone concentrations over days and never measured a clinical outcome.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Follistatin

Also known as: Follistatin 344, FS344, FST

A research reference for follistatin, an activin- and myostatin-binding glycoprotein whose only human evidence comes from AAV-delivered gene therapy in small open-label trials, not from any injected preparation.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

HGH (somatropin)

Also known as: Somatropin, Recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH

A research reference for human growth hormone, an approved drug for defined deficiency states whose anti-aging and performance reputation rests on trials that did not find what the reputation claims.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

IGF-1 LR3

Also known as: Long R3 IGF-1, LR3 IGF-1, Long-R3-IGF-I

A research reference for IGF-1 LR3, a laboratory analog of insulin-like growth factor-1 studied in cell culture and animals, with no published human trial of any outcome.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Ipamorelin

A research reference for ipamorelin, a selective growth-hormone secretagogue with solid rodent pharmacology, one human dose-ranging study, and one phase 2 trial that missed its endpoint.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

PEG-MGF

Also known as: PEGylated MGF, PEGylated mechano growth factor

A research reference for PEG-MGF, a PEGylated preparation of the mechano growth factor E peptide, where the published literature studies the unmodified peptide and no human trial of either exists.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Sermorelin

Also known as: GHRH(1-29)NH2, Sermorelin acetate, Geref

A research reference for sermorelin, a GHRH analog whose FDA approvals were withdrawn in 2009 and whose published human evidence is pediatric and diagnostic, not the adult anti-aging use it is now discussed for.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Tesamorelin

Also known as: Egrifta, GHRF(1-44) analog

A research reference for tesamorelin, an FDA-approved GHRH analog whose randomized trials measured visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy and nothing else.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

DSIP

Also known as: Delta sleep-inducing peptide, Emideltide, Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu

A research reference for delta sleep-inducing peptide, a 1977 nonapeptide whose sleep hypothesis was tested in five small controlled human trials between 1981 and 1992 that reached opposite conclusions, and whose endogenous counterpart was never identified.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Pinealon

Also known as: EDR peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg

A research reference for Pinealon, the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg, whose cell and rodent neuroprotection literature is real and whose controlled human cognitive evidence does not exist.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Selank

Also known as: TP-7, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro

A research reference for Selank, a Russian-developed tuftsin analog whose human anxiety literature is add-on and active-comparator work rather than placebo-controlled trials, and whose mechanism evidence is entirely preclinical.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Semax

Also known as: ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro

A research reference for Semax, a Russian-developed ACTH(4-7) analog whose human literature is non-randomized stroke rehabilitation and whose only placebo-controlled work in healthy adults measured brain imaging rather than cognition.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Cartalax

Also known as: AED tripeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp

A research reference for Cartalax, the tripeptide Ala-Glu-Asp — cell-culture work on cartilage and ageing cells, a small rat kidney literature, and a single human claim that lives inside a review.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Epithalon

Also known as: AEDG tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly

A research reference for Epithalon, the synthetic tetrapeptide AEDG, and the reason its most-quoted human evidence belongs to a different substance entirely.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

FOXO4-DRI

Also known as: FOXO4 D-Retro-Inverso peptide, FOXO4-p53 interfering peptide

A research reference for FOXO4-DRI, a senolytic peptide with a well-replicated mouse and cell-culture literature, a published counter-signal about senescent-cell clearance, and no record of it ever having been given to a person.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

MOTS-c

Also known as: Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c, Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c

A research reference for MOTS-c, a mitochondria-encoded peptide with a strong mouse metabolic literature, real human biomarker data, and no published trial in which anyone has been given it.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

NAD+

Also known as: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD

A research reference for NAD+, a coenzyme whose oral precursors have a real randomized-trial literature, and whose injected form has none.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

SS-31

Also known as: Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia

A research reference for SS-31 / elamipretide, a cardiolipin-binding mitochondrial tetrapeptide with a large randomized trial record that mostly missed its primary endpoints and one narrow accelerated approval in a rare genetic disease.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

GHK-Cu

Also known as: Copper tripeptide-1, GHK, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, Copper peptide

A research reference for GHK-Cu, a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with four decades of cell and rodent work on matrix remodeling and almost no controlled human evidence.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

Gonadorelin

Also known as: GnRH, LHRH, Gonadorelin acetate, Gonadorelin hydrochloride

A research reference for gonadorelin, synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone whose two US human approvals were discontinued without ever being withdrawn, and whose published human evidence is pulsatile pump therapy in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism rather than the testosterone-therapy adjunct use it is now discussed for.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

HCG

Also known as: Human chorionic gonadotropin, Chorionic gonadotropin

A research reference for human chorionic gonadotropin, an FDA-approved urinary-derived biologic licensed for three narrow reproductive indications whose own approved labeling states in capitals that it has not been demonstrated effective in the treatment of obesity.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Kisspeptin

A research reference for kisspeptin, a family of KISS1-derived peptides whose small human trials measured hormone release and brain activity rather than symptoms, come almost entirely from one UK research group, and whose kisspeptin-10 form sits on FDA's current 503A category 2 list of bulk substances that raise significant safety risks.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

MT-2 (Melanotan II)

Also known as: Melanotan II, Melanotan-2, MT-II

A research reference for MT-2, an unapproved non-selective melanocortin agonist whose entire human trial record is four publications in roughly 23 subjects, and whose published case-report literature on pigmented lesions and systemic toxicity is larger than its efficacy literature.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Oxytocin

A research reference for oxytocin, FDA-approved only as an injectable obstetric drug carrying a boxed warning against elective induction of labor, and studied for the social, bonding and sexual claims readers arrive with almost entirely by an unapproved intranasal route whose randomized trials have largely been null.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

PT-141

Also known as: Bremelanotide, Vyleesi

A research reference for PT-141 — the development code for bremelanotide, the melanocortin agonist marketed as VYLEESI — an FDA-approved on-demand injection for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, with statistically significant but small trial effects and a heavy tolerability burden.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Sildenafil

Also known as: Sildenafil citrate, Viagra, Revatio

A research reference for sildenafil citrate, whose US approvals sit on separate applications — erectile dysfunction on one oral product, and pulmonary arterial hypertension on another that has both an oral and an intravenous presentation and an affirmative indication in children aged 1 to 17 — with every trial's route, dose and population kept separate.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Tadalafil

Also known as: Cialis, Adcirca

A research reference for tadalafil, a small-molecule PDE5 inhibitor whose US approvals cover four separate indications across two applications — erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, the two together, and pulmonary arterial hypertension — at different doses, on different regimens, in different populations, none of which is the general wellness use most readers arrive with.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Anastrozole

Also known as: Arimidex, Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor

A research reference for anastrozole, an FDA-approved aromatase inhibitor whose three approved indications all name postmenopausal women with breast cancer, and which is used off-label in men, where the randomized trials that exist are small, short, and report hormone changes without matching changes in symptoms.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

DHEA

Also known as: Dehydroepiandrosterone, Prasterone

A research reference for DHEA, an adrenal steroid precursor sold over the counter as a dietary supplement in the US, dispensed as an approved prescription product only in a local vaginal form and through compounding pharmacies, with randomized evidence that is positive in adrenal insufficiency and largely negative for the anti-aging claims it is best known for.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Enclomiphene

Also known as: Enclomiphene citrate

A research reference for enclomiphene citrate, the trans-isomer of the approved mixture clomiphene citrate, which has no FDA-approved product of its own on any openFDA field, sits on FDA's 503A Category 1 list of bulk substances under evaluation, and rests on three published randomized trials from a single sponsor that measured serum hormones and sperm concentration rather than symptoms, fertility outcomes or long-term safety.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Estradiol

Also known as: 17-beta-estradiol, Oestradiol

A research reference for estradiol, an FDA-approved estrogen whose labeling carries a boxed warning and whose approvals cover menopausal vasomotor symptoms, vulvovaginal atrophy, hypoestrogenism, two palliative cancer indications and osteoporosis prevention — not anti-aging, not longevity and not hormone optimization, none of which appears in any approved indication text searched on 1 September 2026.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

NP Thyroid

Also known as: Desiccated thyroid extract, Natural desiccated thyroid, Porcine thyroid extract

A research reference for NP Thyroid, a porcine desiccated thyroid extract that the FDA classifies as an unapproved biological product marketed without the required license, and that showed no advantage over levothyroxine on symptoms or cognition in two randomized crossover trials.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026

Pregnenolone

A research reference for pregnenolone, the steroid precursor sitting upstream of progesterone, DHEA, cortisol and the sex hormones, which has no FDA-approved drug product on any openFDA field, which FDA placed in its 503B Category 3 for substances nominated without adequate support, and whose randomized human evidence is almost entirely adjunctive psychiatric treatment rather than the memory and anti-aging claims it is sold on.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Progesterone

Also known as: Micronized progesterone, Oral micronized progesterone

A research reference for micronized progesterone, FDA-approved as an endometrial-protection adjunct for postmenopausal women receiving conjugated estrogens tablets, for secondary amenorrhea, and as vaginal luteal support in assisted reproduction — none of which is the sleep, mood or anti-aging claim most readers arrive with, and none of which is a finding about medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Last reviewed September 1, 2026

Testosterone

Also known as: Testosterone replacement therapy, TRT

A research reference for testosterone therapy, the one compound in this library with a large randomized trial literature, and a prescription hormone that requires a diagnosis, a prescriber, and ongoing lab monitoring.

Last reviewed August 2, 2026